Twine, cord, &amp;c.



TED. STATES PATENT OFF-ion,

CHARLES I. GOESSMANN, AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO VELLUMOIDPAPER 00., A OORPORATIQN OF WEST VIRGINIA.

.ATWINE, cone, ac.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 4, 1906.

Application filed December 11,1900. Serial m. 89,646.

To all whom it may c oncern: Be it known that 1, CHARLES I. GoEss-MANN, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Amherst, in the county of Hampshire and State of Massachusetts, have in- Vented new and useful Improvements in Twine, Cord, &c., of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to produce a twine or cord, &c., of paper or paper-like material which shall be strong, lasting, and flexible, and which will not be injuriously affected by moisture, acids, or alkalies.

A further object ofmy invention is topr oduce, when desired, a twine or cord that not only possesses the above-mentioned qualities or characteristics, but is also free from acidity, taste, and odor.

While twine has heretofore been made 0 paper, it has not had suflicient strength for many practical uses, has not been adapted as bin -twine for binding grain, stalks, &c., and has not been adapted to withstand the effects of moisture. 1 1

My invention consists in the method-or process and product, all as set forth herein,

I whereby the objects of my invention are attained,

To'enable others skilled in the art to which this invention appertains to understandthe same and enable them to carry out the process and produce the product, I herein set forth the methods 0 rocedure that are deemed by me to be the est; but various of the details may be altered to provide for varyi'ng conditions of the material being treated to produce the complete product and to pro-' 1 gousoperation.

, a damp condition,

duce twine of varying strength, size 800.

The aper-like material is preferably treated in a continuous sheet, then cut into thedesired Widths, and then formed into a strand by twisting braiding, or some analo- The treatment to strengthen and render the material impervious may be applied while the ulp is being formed into .paper, orthe' finis ed aper may be treated without materially a ecting the nature of my invention. If the material is to be treated A during the process of formation into pa er,

the treatment begins, by reference, w en the web of pulpy material eaves the Four-- driniei' wire or the c linders, it then-being in ut with the larger percentage of moisture removed. From 131118 .quire but a fewseconds immersion. fabric passes from the glutinous bath the surterial, required to ma hereinafter explained, suchopenings resultpoint the treatment of the fabric isthe same,

By preference a suitable tank is provided in which the solution of lutinous material is contained and in whic it may be ke t heated to a constant tem erature while the fabric is passing throug the solution. I

refer that.the material being treated be opt in motion or passed continuously through the bath in an unbroken sheet in order to save time. I find that the requisite permeation of the fabric with glutinous matter or the incorporation of the glutinous matter with the fi or will, with some papersfor instance, lightly-sized manila hempre- As the plus material is removed, preferably by compression.

The-strength and consistency of the glutinous bath may be varied, depending u on the -material or fabric to be treated and t e uses for which it is designed. It may be stated, 7

however, that in a majority of cases when designed for treatment for twine-or cord a hot solution of about one part animal glue to about fifteen parts water, by weight,

'ves the best results. 'A weaker solution of g ue is used when the fabric is to be made into twine or cord than when intended for some other' purposes in order to provide for the formation of 'minute opening: in the glutinous mae room for the oil, as

ing from the action of the heat and moisture medium to which the fabric is subjected after the ap lication of the formaldehyde solution which ollows the glutinous bath. After leaving the bath of glutinous material the fabric is passed into and through a solution of formaldehyde and water. The strength of this solution ma also be variable, dependent upon the abric and the tates-the rapidity of treatment;

I of theformaldehyde solution upon the glutinous-saturated fabric is to precipitate the glutinous matter and render it insoluble. As the fabric comes from the formaldehyde bath, by fpreference, the surplus. adhering to the sur ace is removed by rolls or other convenientmeans. The fabric is 'thendried in any convenient manner; but thequickest result attained by the air-blast method of dryblasts of air against mgt. e. projectin fabric, hot-air blasts beboth surfaces of .the

ing preferred as most r'a idv and efiective.

The. drying removes all 0 the watery constituents and leaves the fabric in a toughened or greatly-strengthened condition,but not in practical condition for commercial uses, as it is brittle, horny, and stifi.

To tem er and render the fabric sufficiently so and pliable to manufacture into twine or cord for commercial uses, I subject it to moisture, thus producing both mechanical and chemical action. The mechanical.

action is the temporary absorption of water analogous to the absorption of water by a dry sponge, and chemical action is the permanent union or combination of 'water with the glutinous-treated fabric, analogous to the union of water and tapioca, causing swellcombmatlon of waing, or like the chemica ter with lime or cement. To obtain these effects, I prefer-to pass the fabric into a. bath of hot water, saturated steam, or equivalent heat and moisture medium, thus causing the fibers and the; non-soluble glutinous material filling the interstices to expand in all directions and producing a comminglingor thorough incorporation of the fibers and glutinone compound, and at the sametime a chemical actionihydration) takes lace, whereby the hardened mass of fiber, g utinous material, and formaldehyde becomes tempered and softened and the strength imparted by the previous treatment is increased. 'While the glutinous material and the fibers are thoroughly united, as stated above, microseopic pores or openings are left in the fabric,

into which the 011 of a subsequent step is recelved and held by surface attraction. To heighten the tempering and softening effect, I prefer in some instances to introduce glycenn into the tempering-bath, ,and in most cases one-half of one per cent. iii volume of lycerin ves the best result. After hyatmg, t e fabric is dried in any convenient If it is desired to render'thematerial free from all traces of acidity, taste, and odor, I pass it throu ha bath of hot water and a volatile alka i, (ammonium hydrate,) the proportion by preference in amajority of .cases being one per cent. of ammonium hydrate to ninety-nine per cent. of water, by volume, and to hasten the drying out I may addasmall ercentage of wood alcohol. This bath is pre erably warm; but a variation in its temperature will not to a serious extent interfere with its operation. The fabric, if subjected to this bath, is so subjected before being treated with oil. After hydration, or after the alkali bath, the sheet is dried in any convenient manner and then led into a tank of oil, preferably hot: The oil may be of either vegetable, mineral, or animal. origin. It penetrates the minute o enings in the fabric, hereinbefore described and its effect is to render the fabric flexible to a high degree.

The fabric is now ready to have the surplus oil removed in any convenient manner and to be cut into strips-and twisted pr braided into twine, cord, &c:, either, immediately or at a future time.

It will readily be seen that the respective f bathsmay be varied in strength and made applicable to fabrics of difierent density or porosity; and also applicable to the treatment. of different fibrous structures, being modified,

as before stated, to suit the conditions re:

2 quiredof the Inanufactured product or in its" use.

The treatment by a volatile alkali is not essential'except where it is desired to remove .all traces, of acid, &c., and in most instances I omit this. step, as a hygienic condition of twine, &c., is not generally required for bindmg purposes.

The process or method of manufacturing twine, cord, &c., herein set out, may be modifled in several ways without departing from 'my invention, one of such modifications consisting in winding the fabric into rolls after-1;

. being subjected to the oil treatment, and sub- 'sequently removing the excess of oil, if any excess exists, cutting the material into strips, j

and twisting, braiding,- or otherwise forming the material into a strand, which stran when finished would ordinarily be substantially circular in cross-section, although, of course, the same may be formed in other I modification would consist in winding intov rolls after coming from thesecond drier, and later treating with 'oil as the fabric comesfrom the roll, removing any excess of oil, and cutting into strips of suitable width, and then forming the same into strands by twisting, braiding, or otherwise. W Another modification may consist in forming 'into a strand before sub ecting the material to any part of the hereinescribed treatments, or at any intermediate point in the process. It Wlll therefore be shapes by pressing or otherwise. "Another seen that the order of procedure forming 13c the material into a strand of the proper shape for practical use may be immaterial with reference to the other steps in the process and may be varied to suit the circumstances and conditions of manufacture, and the beneficial result of my invention thus attained.

Having therefore described my invention, what I claim is 1. As an improved article of manufacture, twine consisting of paper formed into a strand impregnated with softened insoluble glutinous material and oiled.

2. The improvement in the art of manufacturing twine from paper or other like material, consisting of saturating the material with a glutinous compound, rendering said compound insoluble, tempering the material,

treatin with oil and formin into a strand. 3. T e improvement in tierart of manufacturing twine, &c., from paper and other like material, consisting of saturating with a glutinous compound, rendering said compound insoluble, tempering, and forming into a strand and'treating with oil.

I 4. The improvement in the manufacture of twine, &c., fiom a strip of insoluble glutinous-saturated tempered fabric, consisting of subjecting the same to the action of heated oil and forming into a strand.

5. The improvement in the art of manufacturing twine, &c.,-from paper or other like material, consisting of saturating the material with a glutinous compound, rendering the said compound insoluble, tempering, treatin with a volatile alkali, treating with oil, an formin into a strand.

' CHARL S I. GOESSMANN, Witnesses:

ALLEN WEBSTER,

A. G. HEYLMUN. 

